Cooling means for motors.



A. F. ROCKWELL.

000mm MEANS FOR MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.11,1906. 962,249,, Patented June' 21, 1910.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: v I IN VENTOR.

' flZberZ FROG/(well,

A. BROGKWELL. 000mm MEANS FOR MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JAILH, 1906.

962,249, v Patented June 21, 1910.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 21

INVENTOR.

WITNESSES.-

ATTORNEY 0c well.

A. F. ROCKWELL.

A COOLING MEANS FOR MOTORS.

APPLIUATI ON FILED JAN.11,1906.

Patented June 21, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

\\ \\\II II 1N VEN T 0R.

WITNESSES.-

ATTORNEI.

A. P. ROCKWELL.

COOLING MEANS FOR MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.l1,19( )6.

4M m T w 1 m w "m m 2 Q? N 0 R G mm mR m. 4 H H m i m L 70 7 UN 1 BWITNESSES.-

provide a single mechanism 7 after,

@NWED was ALBERT F. ROCKVJELL, 0E BRISTQL, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THENEW DEPARTURE LMANUFACTURING COMPAIIY, OF BRISTOL, CONNECTICUT, ACORPORATION OF CON- usurious".

COOLING MEANS FOR MGTORS.

Specification of Letters Eateut.

Patented June 211, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ALBERT F. RooKWnLL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Bristol, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, haveinvented a certain new and useful Cooling Means for Motors, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, such as Will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, r eference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification.

Qlhis invention relates to motors and particularly to explosion motors.

One of the objects of the invention is toprovide means for eiiicientlycooling the parts of the motor which are liable to become heated owingto the explosion in the combustion chamber or from other causes.

Another object of the invention is to con trol the fluid supply meansfrom the motor shaft. 1 Another object of the invention is to provide anefiicient means for introducing the requisite amount of air chamber sothat said air may commingle with the fuel introduced into the combustionchamber fromv a separate source so that the oroper g oportions of theair and fuel will be provi ed prior to the ignition thereof.

' Another object of the invention is'topro vide suitable mechanism forintroducing a cooling fluid into certain ported parts of the piston.

A further object of the invention is to for cooling the exterior of thecylinder for introducin air into the combustion chamber of the cylinderto exhaust the spent gases and provide the suificientamount of air forthe roper mixture with the gaseous fuel, and urthermore to provide meansfor causing a cooling fiuid to ass through the piston in each cylinder.

gther objects and advantages as well as the novel details ofconstruction of this invention Will be specifically set forth hereinitbeing understood that changes in form, proportion and minor details ofconstruction may be resorted to Without departing from the spirit of theinvention or sacrificmg any of the advantages thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram matical View of an explosionmotor to which my invention is applied; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectionalView through one of the cylinders,

into the combustion,

, conveyed from the pipe 5.

The discharge end of the port and the air inlet end of the motorcylinder are normally closed by a spring retained valve 3, and thisvalve is preferably of disk form so as to difiuse the air in radiallinesagainst the side of the inner portion of the cylinder to assist incooling the same. The ports 4- in the side Walls of the cylinder 1 areexhaust ports to permit the spent gases-to be'forced from the combustionchamber when the piston has reached the limit of its outward stroke. Theporte -i are closed by the wall of the piston during the compression ofthe fuel and during the time that the explosion is taking place. Theport. 5 is a fuel port through which the fuel, preferably gas, may findits Wayinto the cylinder. At the end of the port 5 and in the Wall ofthe cylinder 1 1s a fuel pocket 6, which is adapted to register With theported pocket 7 in the piston SL The registration of the'pocket 6 andthe port 7 is intermittent, that is to say, the

chamber or pocket 7 registers with the pocket 6 only at the proper timefor the introduction of thegas into the combustion chamber. While thepocket 6 and the port .7 register when the piston, is near the outwardlimit of its stroke, no gas Will be permitted to enter the combustionchamber at this time for the reason that the pressure Within thecombustion chamber will be greater than the pressure of the gas. Uponthe return strokeof the piston, however, the pressure of the gas Willovercome the pressure Within the combustion chamber and the gas Will beadmitted. The piston 8is provided with a preferably gravitative valve 9which is movable longitudinally in the piston head and adapted to beunseated only by thepressure of the gas which is being At all othertimes this valve will be closed and the piston-head will, in effect, bepractically, solid.

The port 10 in the Wall of the cylinder is an exhaust port which isdiametrlcally opposits an inlet port 11 in the cylinder its jacket (seeFig. 4), said ports 10 and '11.

and"

from the piston through the registerin with the ports 13 and 12respectively in t 1e piston 8, and which commune,

cate with a cooling chamber 1a immediately in rear of the end plate 15of the piston. Under certain conditions I may provide pins 16 or someother device having coelfioients of .expansion in excess of thecoeificients of expansion of metal of which the piston is made. Owing tothe conductivity of these pins the heat will have a tendency to pass insand be carried off b the air which will be caused to circulate etweenthe pins through the chamber 14', it'being understood that said air willenter from the port 11 and exhaust through the port 10. vThe ports 10and 11 are normally cut or by the piston wall but are intermittentlypermitted to register with the ports 12 and 13 when the piston is in aposition to cause the exhaustion of the spent gases from the combustionchamber of the.

cylinder. I I

17 designates a sparking plug which is in suitable electrical connectionwith a generator or other source of electrical supply,-

so that when the piston 8 is in proper posi-v tion with respect to saidsparking plug the fuel may be ignited.

, In the foregoing description I have described but a single cylinder,while in all the figures, except Fig. 2, I have illustrated a pluralityof cylinders. It is to be understood, however, that thedescription'which applies to the cylinder illustrated in Fig. 2-

is equally applicable to all other cylinders serving the same purposeand which are not illustrated in detail in the remaining figures. Thecylinders are generally arranged in pairs and a complete set ofappurtenances is provided forv each pair of cylinders. In the formillustrated in the drawings each pair of cylinders is provided with acasing or cooling jacket comprising sections 18 and 19 whichare'suitably fastened together, and

said casing may comprise domes 20 having open ends 21, through which thecooling fluid may enter, while intermediate the ends of the casing isprovided an exhaust conduit 22, in communication with the exhaust port 4whereby the spent gases may be forced into said-conduit andexhaust'through an outlet port 23 in the casing, said outlet port 23leading to atmosphere in the present example of my invention. The casingis also provided .with separate exhaust ports 24, one for each cylinder.

In the type of motor illustrated in Fig. 1

of the drawings in which four cylinders are employed, a single conduit25 is provided for opposite cylinders of opposite pairs, that is to say,the, exhaust port 24 of one ot the cooling jackets and the exhaust portof the opposite jacket of the cotjperating pair will discharge into acom non 'oondu-it-25u Correspondingly'theiemaining discharge port 24:

will be coupled up with the one opposite it in the cooperating pair by aconduit 25, these conduits leading into a pump casing or expumpcylinders are what might properly be termed double-acting pump cylindersfor the reason that they take in and discharge a. fluid during both theforward and rearward stroke of each piston. The conduit 25 has valvedbranches 125vand 225 respectively; the branch 125 is in communicationwith" the On this motor shaft are cylinder 30 in rear of the piston 30,while check valves prevent the return of the said fluid from thecylinder into the said conduits 25 and 25 The pistons are connected tothe crank by piston-rods r.

Leading from the cylinders 29 and 30 are pipes or conduits 31 and 32respectively; the

pipe 31 is provided with branches 131 and 233., whichbranches are incommunication with the pipes or ports 2 of the cylinders ip oppositepairs of the motor. This pipe is provided with an outwardly openingcheck valve 0, so that on the outward stroke of this iston 302 in thecylinder 29 the fluid will e forced through the pipe 31 and into thepipes 2- of the opposite cylinders. If it is found desirable the pipes31 and 82 may be of sufficient length to permit portions thereof beingcoiled so as to allow the fluid which has been forced from the pumpcylinder. or

cylinders to be reduced to the proper temperature before it enters thecombustionchamber or chambers of any of the cylinders.

It will be understood that the respective pistons have reciprocatorymovement alternating in their actions with one another, in other words,when one of the pistons is moving inits inward stroke the oppositepiston will be having an outward stroke imparted thereto, and the reasonfor this is to time the introduction of the fuel, cooling etc... of thevarious parts to provide for the sequence of operations of the motor.

Pipe 32 is provided with branches 132 and 232 connected to oppositecylindes and the pipe 31 is provided with branches 131 and i 231 also*conectedjo theremaining opposite.

cylinders. An outwardly opening check.

asses valve. 0' controls the pipe Leading from the res 'ective pumpcylinders 29 and 30 are pipes 33 and 33; these pipes are provided withoutwardly opening check-valves 8, and said pipes may be provided with anumber of coils for the purpose of cooling the fluid which passesthcrethrough. Howover, these coils will not be essential in every case,although they may be too, d convenient under certain conditions.

lead to and are properly connect YT the ports 11 to cool the pistons.

In the operation of the motor the pumps I from the pipes 33 and 33because their-exit ends are closed by the motor pistons. The chargel'ieing compressed and exploded in cylinder, its piston. moves outwardlyuntil'it assumes the approximate position shown in Pg, 2, thusuncovering the exhaust ports l of such cylinder and bringing the pistonports into alinement with the ports 11 and 10. 'lherenpon=. the comressed an In the pipe 33 or '33, as the may be, quickly passes throughthe piston head, and. also the compressed air in the pipe 31 or 32, asthe case may be, forcibly enters the combustion chamber and expels thespent gases, a suiticient amount of air remaining in the cylindertocombinewith the gas for the next explosion. The actuation of the shaftas will actuate the pumps so that the cooling fluid will be'drawn intothe casing from t is open end 21 and down around the exterior of thecylinders of each pair, for example, through the pipe 25. As the pistonin one of the pump cylinders moves in an outward. direction, air whichhas been sucked into the cooling jacket and out through the port 24:will be drawn into one of the pumps at the rear of the piston and intothe other pump in from of the piston. During the next half revolution ofthe shaft 26, one of the pump pistons will be moved toward the driveshaft 26, while the other one will be forced out ward. The piston whichis forced outward will 'force a charge of air into the tubes leading tothe combustion chambers, While the retracting piston will force air intothe pipes 33 or 33 as the case may be,

It Will be seen that the cooling fluid will be alternately drawn intothe casing and through the pipes 25 and by the pistons in the cylinders30 and 29. When the air is introduced into the combustion chamber ofeach cylinder itwill be forced in, in greater volume than isrcquiredfortln: proper mixture with the fuel Therefore, all of the spentgases will be forced out and in addition to this the interior or thecylinder as Well as the piston head'end will be subjected to theinfluence cool air and thus the tendency to over-heatin 'gof theinterior of the cylinder and piston head will be avoided. Furthermore, acurrent of cool air will be forced through the piston and carry 0d anyheated gases which may have accumulated, owing to the explosion of thefuel. It will be apparent that the system elliciently provides vfor thecooling of various aii'ected parts of the motor and that the same islight, durz ble, compact and requires but little expenditure of energyfrom the motor in order to operate the same. A system similar to the oneherein. described is particularly applicable to motor vehicles in thatit requires but little space and. thc nocessity for pump gearing-slum aschainsflbclts, rods, etc., is avoided,

In the diagram designated as Fig. l, I have lettered the cylinders as A,B, C, and D. By referring to said Fig. l, a clear understanding of thecooperation of the col elements may be had. In this figure the pi LOIIin the cylinder A is about ready to receive its impulse from an explodedcharge; the piston in the cylinder B has moved to the limit. of itspower stroke, andsaid cylinder ll is exhausting so that air is passingthrough it to cool it; the piston in the cylinder C is compressing itscharge; and the piston in the cylinder D: has exploded its charge and ismoving downward, Thus it will be seen thatfor each quarter of a revolu-100 tion of the shaft 26 an explosion takes place in one of thecylinders 1.

in view of the fact that the cranks for the pump cylinders are set on aone-half (instead of the one-quarter circle as are the motor cranks)each pumpis capable of tak- 4 ing care f two motor cylinders.

ll hat I claim is:

1. The combination with a cylinder having an exhaust 'port, a piston,and an inlet port, of a valve closing said inlet port and adapted to beopened by pressure upon its outer side, a casing about said cylinder andprovided with inlet and outlet ports, a pump including a reciprocate-1ypiston, connection between said outlet port of said casing and bothsides of: said pump piston, inwardlyopening check valves in saidconnection, connection between said pump and said outer side of saidinlet valve to said cylinder, and an outwardly opening check valve insaid latter mentioned connection; substantially as described.

2;. In an explosion motor, the combination with a power cylinder havingopenings in its wall, a jacket around the same, and a piston in thepouler cylinder and having openings adapted to aline with said firstmentioned openings, of means for causing air to pass through the jacket,through the combustion chanioer of the power cylinder, and throughalining openin s in the walls of the power cylinder and t e piston;substantially as described.

3. In an explosion motor, the Combination with a power cylinder having acombustion chamber, a ported piston in said power cylinder, and acoollng jacket surrounding said power cylinder, of means in virtue ofwhich air is caused. to pass through the jacket, through the combustionchamber, and

.through the ported piston; substantially as 5. The combination with amotor cylinder having a valved air inlet' port and an eX- haust port, apiston movable in said cylinder and controlling conimunicationbetweensaid inlet and exhaust ports, said piston having a valved fuel inletport, acooling chamber in the piston surrounding said fuel inlet port, ajacket surrounding the cylinder, and a pump in communication withsaid'jacket to cause air to pass over the exterior of the cylinder andto cause air to pass thr'ou h the cooling chamber of the piston when t episton is in a position permitting'communication between said inlet andexhaust ports, said valved air inlet port being effective to open atthis time so as to admit air into the cylinder and permit it to pass outthrough the exhaust; substantially as described.

6. The combination with a motor cylinder having an air inlet at one endand an exhaust at the other, said cylinder having ports extendingtransversely through its walls and below the exhaust port, of a pistonmovable in said cylinder and having ports adapted to register with thetransverse orts in the cylinder, and a casing surroundmg the cylinderand provided with an inlet port at one end and an exhaust port at the 0posite end; substantially as described.

n testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature, in the resence oftwo Witnesses.

AL ERT F. ROCKWELL.

Witnesses:

JOSEPH-D. Ba'own, CLARA H. Voonrrnns.

